Written for patients, not for clinicians. Each answer explains what is known, what testing can add, and what it means for this pregnancy and the next.
Most pregnancy complications are not anyone's fault. Understanding the underlying cause is the first step towards answers.
ReadRecurrence risk depends entirely on the underlying mechanism — which is why finding the cause matters so much.
ReadGenetic testing is not routine for everyone. It is indicated when the result would change diagnosis, management or future planning.
ReadCarrier screening identifies healthy adults who carry a recessive gene change that could affect their children.
ReadChorionic villus sampling is an early prenatal diagnostic test, usually performed between 11 and 14 weeks.
ReadAmniocentesis is usually performed after 15 weeks and samples amniotic fluid containing fetal cells.
ReadChromosome disorders involve missing, extra or rearranged chromosome material, rather than a change in a single gene.
ReadWES reads the protein-coding portion of all genes at once and is used when a single-gene condition is suspected.
ReadFor couples with a known genetic risk, IVF with preimplantation genetic testing can substantially reduce the chance of an affected pregnancy.
ReadTwo or more consecutive pregnancy losses warrant a structured evaluation — genetic, anatomical, hormonal and immunological.
ReadRepeated implantation failure often has an embryonic genetic component alongside uterine and immunological factors.
ReadIdeally before pregnancy — but it is valuable at any stage, including after a diagnosis.
ReadConsultations at Apollo Cradle, Apollo Fertility, AIFMRG and Epic International, Hyderabad.